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Pavel Khodorkovsky (born June 14, 1985) is a Russian businessman and political activist who has lived in the United States since 2003. He is the son of Russian businessman and former political prisoner Mikhail Khodorkovsky, who was once the richest person in Russia. In 2010, the younger Khodorkovsky co-founded Enertiv, an energy monitoring firm for commercial facilities. The younger Khodorkovsky, who like his father is a fierce critic of the regime of Vladimir Putin, is the founder of the Institute of Modern Russia, an NGO that is devoted to the cause of freedom in Russia. According to the ''New York Observer'', Khodorkovsky “possesses the familial resolve.” In April 2014, ''Jewish Business News'' wrote: “It is always difficult to follow in the footsteps of a successful father, and that is what Pavel Khodorkovskiy has done, successfully too.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =Jewish Business News )〕 ==Early life and education== Khodorkovsky was born in June 14, 1985 to Mikhail Khodorkovsky and his first wife Elena Dobrovolskaya.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work =Le Figaro )〕 He is Mikhail Khodorkovsky's eldest son. His parents were divorced when he was three years old. He is one of four children of Mikhail Khodorkovsky. The younger Khodorkovsky later described his childhood relationship with his father as “excellent” and said that his mother often let him see his father after the divorce.〔 Khodorkovsky told ''Le Figaro'' in 2013 that his father had “always struggled not to spoil his children. He wanted the rewards to be progressive. Because if it was immediately the best toys, the best cars…we would no longer want anything. I will do the same thing with my daughter.”〔 At the age of 14, Khodorkovsky was sent to boarding school in Switzerland.〔 He attended the school for four years,” after which he decided to continue his studies in the U.S. According to the Moscow Times, Khodorkovsky “said he chose to study in the United States on his own and his decision was not connected with what was going on with Yukos,” his father's firm, which had come under pressure from the Russian government. Khodorkovsky later said that his father had “advised () to study at a university abroad” but that the decision to go to the U.S. was his own. Khodorkovsky moved to the U.S. at age 18 in the autumn of 2003 to study business administration at Babson College in Wellesley, Massachusetts, which is near Boston.〔 Khodorkovsky later said that he saw his father “frequently” in Moscow during the summer of 2003 before leaving for the U.S. At the time of his departure, he later said, Yukos was plainly “under pressure, but it was unclear how serious the attack against the management would be.” In September 2003, his father visited him in Massachusetts. At that time, according to the younger Khodorkovsky, “his father seemed to sense his looming arrest.” The younger Khodorkovsky later told the ''Moscow Times'':“I asked him how things were going, and he said that imprisoning him was the only thing left to do.” Still, the younger Khodorkovsky said, “it seemed so unreal at the time. A merger with Sibneft was under way. They were making the world's fourth-largest company by production volume.… And it seemed that things would come out all right and nothing would happen.”〔 In a 2011 interview, he told Forbes: “When I left for Boston, I knew there was a problem but it wasn’t critical.”〔 Mikhail Khodorkovsky's visit to his son in Massachusetts in the September 2003 marked the last time the two would see each other before the senior Khodorkovsky's arrest on October 26, 2003. At the time of the arrest, the younger Khodorkovsky was 18 and “had just been really getting to know his dad, who was divorced from his mother and had spent much of Pavel’s childhood building his business and fortune.”〔 According to the ''Daily Telegraph'', one of Pavel Khodorkovsky's “greatest regrets is that his father's imprisonment came just as he was beginning to understand his passion for business, spending the odd day as a teenager at the offices of Yukos.”〔 Khodorkovsky's was distraught by his father's arrest and imprisonment and “had to learn to make his way alone.”〔 The ensuing “decade-long separation” between the younger Khodorkovsky and his father “defined his adult life,” stated ''The Telegraph'' in December 2013.〔 He graduated in 2007 with a degree in business administration.”〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pavel Khodorkovsky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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